Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naushin Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Naushin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Desire for Additional Children among Pakistani Women: The Determinants
Abstract: It is generally argued that the traditional social and economic structure of the Pakistani society keeps the value of children relatively high and the demand for contraception relatively low, resulting in the persistence of high fertility in the country. Nevertheless, there is evidence of a latent demand for fertility control among women in all strata of the population. This study examines the determinants Of the desire for additional children for currently married women in Pakistan, drawing data from the Population, Labour Force and Migration (PLM) Survey of 197.9-80. The variations in the patterns of desired fertility and their relationship to the factors of economic and social change - such as education, husband's occupation, household income, child education, and work - are also analyzed. The analysis is conducted using logit regression models.
The basic analysis of desired fertility reveals that a significant minority of currently married fecund women in all subgroups want no more children, and that this is a majority for women with four children or more. Among the factors determining the desire for no more children, the major findings are that besides the strong and all-pervasive effects of the life-cycle factors (such as parity, age, and the number of living son), fertility desires of urban and rural women are determined differently in response to the social and economic factors. While a higher percentage of rural women want more children, their desire for no more children is significantly related to such factors as household income, nuclear family living, and child schooling - factors that are unrelated to urban women's fertility desires. For urban women, alongwith the advantage of being in a more modern, non-agrarian setting, an exposure to urban living and at least secondary schooling are associated with wanting no more children. The likely effective steps suggested to achieve a reduced desire for additional children are an expansion in education beyond the primary levels, the development of an opportunity structure for rural women, and an improvement in the targeting of programme services for those who have the potential motivation to limit fertility.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1-30
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume1/1-30.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:1:p:1-30

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadeem A. Burney
Author-X-Name-First: Nadeem A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burney
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ashfaque H. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Ashfaque H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Socio-economic Characteristics and Household Savings: An Analysis of the Households' Saving Behaviour in Pakistan
Abstract: Domestic resource mobilization is one of the key determinants of sustained economic growth. Pakistan's performance with regard to domestic resource mobilization has been poor despite maintaining a respectable economic growth rate. Why is the savings rate so low in Pakistan? In this paper we analyse the household savings behaviour in Pakistan, using micro level data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) for the year 1984-85. Three different non-linear savings functions attributed to Keynes, Klein, and Landau are estimated separately for the urban and the rural households, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. It is found that the average income and saving of an urban household are considerably higher than those of overall Pakistan or a rural household. However, contrary to the general belief, it is found that the propensity to save of the rural households is much higher than that of their urban counterparts. The dependency ratio and the various categories of education are found to have a negative influence on household savings. No systematic relationship is found between savings and the employment status and occupation of the household head. It is found, however, that saving increases with age but tends to decline when the age crosses a certain limit - a finding consistent with the Life Cycle Hypothesis.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 31-48
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume1/31-48.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:1:p:31-48

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Workplace-Name: National Development Finance Corporation, Karachi.
Title: Pakistan's Exchange Rate Policy: An Econometric Investigation
Abstract: This paper examines empirical determinants of the Pakistani rupee exchange rate since the advent of the managed float in 1982. The behaviour of the nominal exchange rate results from policy intervention carried out by the monetary authorities. Various testable hypotheses are developed in order to discern the factor(s) which can be the determinants of the nominal rupee exchange rate. In the short run, authorities follow a contingent policy rule with respect to movements of the U. S. dollar against the SDR. Based on vector autoregression techniques, the error correction model is employed to check the consistency of the short-run adjustment process, given the authorities' long-run target rupee value. The 'revealed' policy is to partly offset the inflation differential between Pakistan and its major trading partners. Under plausible conditions, the burden of adjustment and recessionary conditions are likely to occur in the Pakistani export sector.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 49-74
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume1/49-74.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:1:p:49-74

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zulfiqar A. Gill
Author-X-Name-First: Zulfiqar A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Gill
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
Author-Name: Rajan K. Sampath
Author-X-Name-First: Rajan K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sampath
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
Title: Inequality in Irrigation Distribution in Pakistan
Abstract: This paper provides estimates of the level of inequality in the distribution of land and other irrigation-related land variables among agricultural households, across farm size groups both at the national and provincial levels, at a point in time as well as over a period of time; it decomposes the levels of inequality in terms of its two components, namely, "within province" and "between provinces" inequality; and it estimates the relative performance of the four provinces in achieving equity in irrigation distribution. In doing this analysis, the paper makes use of the agricultural census reports pertaining to the years 1959-60, 1971-1972, and 1979-1980. The paper's major results are that there exists considerable intra- and interprovincial inequality in Pakistan. Of the two major contributors to the overall inequality in the country as a whole, the within-province inequality component contributes more than 90 percent of the total inequality. The paper identifies the two main reasons for the high within-province inequality as being (1) the very highly skewed distribution of land across cultivating households and (2) the lack of regressivity in the distribution of irrigation across farm size groups, especially that of government-controlled canal irrigation. The paper recommends a lexicographic ordering of canal irrigation distribution, under which irrigation water will be provided first to irrigate all the irrigable land of the smallest of farms, and after fulfilling their demands, it will fulfil the demands of the second smallest farm size group, and so on.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 75-100
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume1/75-100.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:1:p:75-100

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naushin Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Naushin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Motivation and Fertility Control Behaviour in Pakistan
Abstract: Using data from the Population, Labour Force and Migration (PLM) Survey of 1979-80, this paper examines the component of potential motivation for fertility limita-. tion among Pakistani married women and then determines what factors are important in explaining the contraceptive use differentials among the potentially motivated subgroup of women. The analysis is conducted using logit regression models.
The findings show that, among women wanting no additional children, a substantial proportion is reluctant to adopt fertility control behaviour, confirming the existence of latent demand for contraception in all strata. A majority of those women report no exposure to the programme or no contact with a family planning worker, and a large majority of those who have had exposure or have been contacted do not report contraceptive use, indicating a considerable shortfall of the programme. Among the urban women wanting no more children, the important factors affecting contraceptive use positively are education (both primary and secondary), household income, living in nuclear family, exposure to the programme, and contact with a family planning worker. For rural women, only nuclear family living and the programme factors are significant in promoting contraceptive use. The suggestions likely to increase contraceptive prevalence are, first, to reach those women who have the potential motivation for contraception, and, second, to increase the quality and sources of the motivation efforts of the programme to crystallize the latent demand among those who need it.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 119-144
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume2/119-144.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:2:p:119-144


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mir Anjum Altaf
Author-X-Name-First: Mir Anjum
Author-X-Name-Last: Altaf
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Author-Name: Obaidullah
Author-X-Name-First: Obaidullah
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Title: The Spatial Pattern of International Labour Flows from and to Pakistan: A Preliminary Analysis
Abstract: Since the mid-1970s Pakistan has witnessed very high magnitudes of labour out-and in-migration. Most of the earlier studies on the subject either concentrated on the aggregate macro-economic impact of this migration on the national economy or have been in the nature of case studies of specific'groups of migrants*. In these studies, the analysis of geographical distribution of the labour force has been missing. Given the fact that both out- and return-migrants may have location-specific effects which might lead to uneven economic and social development in the country and as such policies would have to respond in concrete locational terms, such an omission is critical. This paper attempts to identify the international labour flows of Pakistanis focussing on their geographical distribution.
Based on a survey conducted by the Overseas Pakistanis Foundation and the Population Census of 1981 the study suggests that less developed districts are characterised by low out-migration and high return-migration. In addition, structural characteristics (e.g., land tenure) may be important in explaining low mobility from some underdeveloped districts, e.g., those of Sindh and lower Punjab.
On the basis of the information presented, the paper suggests a number of avenues for future research: (i) to relate the indices of out- and return-migration to disaggregated characteristics of the regional socio-economic structure; (ii) to compare the pattern of international out-migration with the pattern of internal out-migrant; (iii) to verify whether the process of internal relocation is of significant magnitude a trace analysis of return migrants to the less developed districts could be attempted; and (iv) to determine the socio-economic and political implications of the patterns of out- and return-migration, as the differential patterns are likely to have significant implications for future development.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 145-164
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume2/145-164.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:2:p:145-164

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahid N. Zahid
Author-X-Name-First: Shahid N.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zahid
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Author-Name: Muhammad Akbar
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Akbar
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Author-Name: Shabbar A. Jaffry
Author-X-Name-First: Shabbar A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jaffry
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Title: Technical Change, Efficiency, and Capital-labour Substitution in Pakistan's Large-scale Manufacturing Sector
Abstract: Pakistan's manufacturing sector is characterised by relatively high capital intensity and the level of absorption of labour in industry is low. This paper estimates the elasticities of substitution in Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector to determine the potential for switching to relatively more labour-intensive production techniques. Data for the years 1960 to 1986 have been used and a total of seventeen industry groups have been analysed. This involved the aggregation of data from the Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI). Industry groups were aggregated while keeping in mind the structural and economic similarities within the groups. The functional form used for the estimation is the CES production function and direct estimation procedures have been used. Industries in Pakistan are generally considered to be characterised by low substitution between capital and labour, near-constant returns to scale, high capital intensity, and low exogenous technical change. The results of this study bear this out with a few exceptions and the policy implications are interesting. The level of capital intensity in the manufacturing sector is not commensurate with the relative factor endowments, and there is a need to redirect the industries towards greater use of labour-intensive technology. In the short term, there appears to be little scope for altering the capital-labour ratios in the manufacturing sector. In the long run, however, measures aimed at the gradual replacement of capital with labour in production techniques may come to fruition.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 165-188
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume2/165-188.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:2:p:165-188

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George J. Mergos
Author-X-Name-First: George J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mergos
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Athens, Greece.
Title: The Economic Contribution of Children in Peasant Agriculture and the Effect of Education: Evidence from the Philippines
Abstract: Issues of consumption-leisure choice and of the effect of education are at the centre of the debate on labour supply and on the economic value of children in peasant agriculture. This paper provides empirical evidence on how education affects child labour supply in an extended commodity demand-labour supply framework, using farm-household survey data from the Philippines. The empirical results of this paper point out that adult and child labour respond normally to changes in wages, that a complementarity exists between adult and child labour in farm operations, that children have a positive economic contribution to farm households in peasant agriculture, and that education may have a limited impact in reducing fertility in rural households.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 189-201
Volume: 31
Issue: 2
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume2/189-201.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:2:p:189-201

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Afzal
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Afzal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Disability Prevalence and Correlates in Pakistan: A Demographic Analysis
Abstract: The paper provides a demographic view of disability patterns in Pakistan, and also highlights the inadequacies and inconsistencies of data, especially those provided by the census. Besides assessing the prevalence of disability by age, gender considerations, nature of disability and reasons of disability, the paper examines such features among the disabled population as their work participation, training, self-sufficiency and dependence on the help of the others. Even though the estimates of disability worked out from the 1984-85 Survey of Disabled Population are relatively more realistic, the need for broadening and standardisation of the concepts and adoption of improved survey procedures for better coverage and diagnostics is clearly evident. The high prevalence of disability and the fact mat nearly half of the total disabilities occur due to disease, more than a third are by birth, and about 15 percent are due to accidents, clearly point towards the need for preventive and curative health facilities and imparting of proper awareness among the people. The association of disability prevalence with the prevailing conditions of fertility, health, education and socio-economic circumstances, observed from the results have important policy implications for the country. The study which has attempted to provide a view of disability patterns in Pakistan, and to highlight some of the covariates of disability rate, represents a beginning of a demographic concern in this important area.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 217-257
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume3/217-257.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:3:p:217-257


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soofia Mumtaz
Author-X-Name-First: Soofia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mumtaz
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Durr-e-Nayab
Author-X-Name-First: Durr-e-
Author-X-Name-Last: Nayab
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Rationale of Common Property in the Development Context
Abstract: Much of the debate on the modernisation of the common property regimes deals with the problem of the rationality of these regimes. Justification for the policy to be followed in planning change for such arrangements is given according to the divergent view points of development scientists on the subject This paper advocates rethinking of some of the fundamental concepts involved in the examination of the contexts where external intervention is to take place for the purposes of development, if a meaningful inter-disciplinary approach to development is to emerge. It invokes Godelier's treatise on the historic and social logic of real, rather than formal rationality, to highlight the bias inherent within, and limitedness of, the general understanding of the concept of formal rationality, or its focused, rather than holistic treatment in socio-historic terms. The case of the Chaprote forest in the Nagar valley of Northern Pakistan is presented to illustrate the historical and cultural rationality of traditional communal arrangements from the local consumption and conservation points of view, and the functioning of a logic within such arrangements which is relative and specific to the context in question. The variance between the thrust of external intervention, and the local potentials for managing and exploiting local resources is thus emphasised. Some recommendations for developing traditional regimes within the local and larger socio-historical context are made in conclusion.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 259-285
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume3/259-285.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:3:p:259-285

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Salim Chishti
Author-X-Name-First: Salim
Author-X-Name-Last: Chishti
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Title: Probability Distribution of Electricity Demand Forecast for the City of Karachi
Abstract: A prerequisite for developing the planning and demand management policies for energy is the appropriate projections of future demand. Capacity targets may be set particularly more efficiently in the light of a knowledge of the probability of shortages. However, such probabilities are usually not available. Such probability distributions are generated in this study. More specifically, a simple four-equation model has been developed to make projections of average and peak demand for the city of Karachi in the year 2000. Three of the four equations have been estimated using Full Generalised Least Squares with Prais-Winsten transformation in order to correct serially correlated errors. The estimated model, after making appropriate tests for hetroscedasticity, has been put to recursive bootstrapping to generate probability distributions of average and peak demand in order to assess the extent of uncertainty in point projections. Bootstrapping has been used because of the limitations of the conventional method with regard to imposing a pre-specified stochastic structure on the error term and assuming the knowledge of the values of the exogenous variables for the forecast period with certainty. Probability distributions are based on 1000 random samples. The results indicate that under quite plausible assumptions, the extent of uncertainty remains significant which should be taken into account for future policy planning.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 287-293
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume3/287-293.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:3:p:287-293

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Geoffrey A. Jehle
Author-X-Name-First: Geoffrey A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jehle
Author-Workplace-Name: Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA.
Title: An Islamic Perspective on Inequality in Pakistan
Abstract: This paper examines the distribution of income in Pakistan, and in each of its four provinces, from an explicit and formal Islamic perspective. A cardinally significant Atkinson-Kolm-Sen relative index of inequality reflecting that perspective is proposed and computed from the full HIES data series for the years 1984-85, 1985-86, 1986-87, and 1987-88. There is evidence of a significant decline in overall inequality in Pakistan from 1984-85 to 1987-88, but the level of inequality remains very high. Inter-province and inter-urban/rural differences in inequality profiles within Pakistan and each of its provinces are found to be generally less, significant than intra-province and intraurban/rural differences.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 295-316
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume3/295-316.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:3:p:295-316


Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Nawab Haider
Author-X-Name-Last: Naqvi
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Development Economics: The Winds of Change
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 341-363
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/341-363.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:341-363

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Lawrence H. Summers
Author-X-Name-First: Lawrence H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Summers
Author-Workplace-Name: World Bank, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Title: Investing in All the People 
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 367-404
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/367-404.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:367-404

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Graham Pyatt
Author-X-Name-First: Graham
Author-X-Name-Last: Pyatt
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
Title: Towards Balanced Development in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 407-429
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/407-429.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:407-429

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Peter A. Cornelisse
Author-X-Name-First: Peter A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Cornelisse
Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Author-Name: Elma Van de Mortel
Author-X-Name-First: Elma Van de
Author-X-Name-Last: Mortel
Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Title: Public and Private Net Savings in Developing Countries: Some Empirical Tests for the Period 1972-88
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 431-447
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/431-447.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:431-447

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard H. Sabot
Author-X-Name-First: Richard H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabot
Author-Workplace-Name: Williams College, Williamstown, USA.
Title: Human Capital Accumulation in Post Green Revolution Rural Pakistan: A Progress Report
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 449-490
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/449-490.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:449-490

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. V. K. Fitzgerald
Author-X-Name-First: E. V. K.
Author-X-Name-Last:Fitzgerald
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Title: Private Sector Investment and Savings Behaviour: The Policy Implications of Capital Account Disaggregation
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 491-510
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/491-510.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:491-510

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Winfried Von Urff
Author-X-Name-First: Winfried Von
Author-X-Name-Last: Urff
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Policy, University of Munich, Germany.
Title: The Issue of Sustainability in Third World Food Production
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 511-534
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/511-534.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:511-534

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Ali Khan
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A.
Title: On Measuring the Social Opportunity Cost of Labour in the Presence of Tariffs and an Informal Sector
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 535-564
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/535-564.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:535-564

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Pranab Bardhan
Author-X-Name-First: Pranab
Author-X-Name-Last: Bardhan
Author-Workplace-Name: University of California at Berkeley, USA.
Title: Economics of Market Socialism and the Issue of Public Enterprise Reform in Developing Countries
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 565-579
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/565-579.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:565-579

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gerry Rodgers
Author-X-Name-First: Gerry
Author-X-Name-Last: Rodgers
Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva, Switzerland.
Title: Institutional Economics, Development Economics and Labour Economics
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 581-605
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/581-605.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:581-605

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahnaz Kazi
Author-X-Name-First: Shahnaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazi
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Bilquees Raja
Author-X-Name-First: Bilquees
Author-X-Name-Last: Raja
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Women, Development Planning and Government Policies in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 609-620
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/609-620.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:609-620

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Soofia Mumtaz
Author-X-Name-First: Soofia
Author-X-Name-Last: Mumtaz
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Anjum Fatima
Author-X-Name-First: Anjum
Author-X-Name-Last: Fatima
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Cultural Conception and Structural Perpetuation of Female Subordination: An Examination of Gender Relations among the Populations of the Chalt-Chaprote Community in the Nager Valley of Northern Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 621-635
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/621-635.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:621-635

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Eshya Mujahid-Mukhtar
Author-X-Name-First: Eshya
Author-X-Name-Last: Mujahid-Mukhtar
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Author-Name: Noor-ul-Hassan
Author-X-Name-First: Noor-ul-
Author-X-Name-Last: Hassan
Title: Female Participation in Housing Activities: Some Assessment of the Socio-economic and Cultural Impact
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 637-652
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/637-652.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:637-652

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joke Luttik
Author-X-Name-First: Joke
Author-X-Name-Last: Luttik
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Studies, The Hague.
Title: A World Accounting Framework: Trade and Financial Flows between Developing Countries and the Rest of the World
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 655-665
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/655-665.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:655-665

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Wolfgang-Peter Zingel
Author-X-Name-First: Wolfgang-Peter
Author-X-Name-Last: Zingel
Author-Workplace-Name: South Asia Institute, Heidelberg and New Delhi.
Title: State Intervention versus Private Initiative: New Challenges for the German Social Market Economy. Any Implications for Pakistan?
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 667-680
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/667-680.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:667-680

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tariq Banuri
Author-X-Name-First: Tariq
Author-X-Name-Last: Banuri
Author-Workplace-Name: IUCN-Pakistan, Islamabad.
Title: Just Adjustment Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 681-695
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/681-695.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:681-695

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zeba A. Sathar
Author-X-Name-First: Zeba A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sathar
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Child Survival and Changing Fertility Patterns in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 699-713
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/699-713.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:699-713

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Stephen A. Vosti
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vosti
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D. C, USA.
Author-Name: Michael Lipton
Author-X-Name-First: Michael
Author-X-Name-Last: Lipton
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D. C, USA.
Title: Population Change in the Wake of Agricultural Improvement: Lessons for Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 715-728
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/715-728.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:715-728

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naushin Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Naushin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: G. M. Zahid
Author-X-Name-First: G. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zahid
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Measuring the Education Gap in Primary and Secondary Schooling in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 729-740
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/729-740.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:729-740

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aqdas Ali Kazmi
Author-X-Name-First: Aqdas Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazmi
Author-Workplace-Name: Planning and Development Division, Islamabad.
Title: Ricardian Equivalence: Some Macro-econometric Tests for Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 743-758
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/743-758.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:743-758

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics, International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
Title: Causality Tests and the Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 759-769
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/759-769.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:759-769

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kalbe Abbas
Author-X-Name-First: Kalbe
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Effects of Rate and Variability of Inflation on Output Growth Variability: Evidence from Selected Countries
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 771-777
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/771-777.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:771-777

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Author-X-Name-First: Sarfraz Khan
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Akhtiar H. Shah
Author-X-Name-First: Akhtiar H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Shah
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: A Critical Review of Rural Credit Policy in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 781-801
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/781-801.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:781-801

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Ghaffar Chaudhry
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ghaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhry
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry
Author-X-Name-First: Ghulam Mustafa
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhry
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Trend of Rural Employment and Wages in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 803-815
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/803-815.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: S. Zia Al-Jalaly
Author-X-Name-First: S. Zia
Author-X-Name-Last: Al-Jalaly
Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Applied Emonomic Studies, University of Peshawar.
Title: Agriculture Sector Employment and the Need for Off-Farm Employment in the North-West Frontier Province
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 817-828
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/817-828.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:817-828

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashfaque H. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Ashfaque H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Lubna Hasan
Author-X-Name-First: Lubna
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Afia Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Afia
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Dependency Ratio, Foreign Capital Inflows and the Rate of Savings in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 843-856
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/843-856.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:843-856

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: khwaja Sarmad
Author-X-Name-First: khwaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarmad
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Title: External Shocks and Domestic Adjustment in Pakistan 1970-1990
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 857-869
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/857-869.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nadeem A. Burney
Author-X-Name-First: Nadeem A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Burney
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Naeem Akhtar
Author-X-Name-First: Naeem
Author-X-Name-Last: Akhtar
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Government Budget Deficits and Exchange Rate Determination: Evidence from Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 871-882
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/871-882.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:871-882

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zafar Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Mohammad Ali Qasim
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Qasim
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Foreign Trade Regime and Savings in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 883-893
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/883-893.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:883-893

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Salim Chishti
Author-X-Name-First: Salim
Author-X-Name-Last: Chishti
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Author-Name: Aynul Hasan
Author-X-Name-First: Aynul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Title: Foreign Aid, Defence Expenditure and Public Investment in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 895-908
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/895-908.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:895-908

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moazam Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Moazam
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Profitability, Productivity and Contractual Choice in Agriculture
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 911-927
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/911-927.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:911-927

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Usman Mustafa
Author-X-Name-First: Usman
Author-X-Name-Last: Mustafa
Author-Workplace-Name: Arid Zone Research Institute, Quetta, Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC).
Title: Consumption Linkages of Mechanical Wheat Production in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 929-938
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/929-938.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:929-938

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. A. Azhar
Author-X-Name-First: B. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Azhar
Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Title: Distribution of Agricultural Tax Burden within the Sector
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 939-951
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/939-951.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:939-951

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Asghar Zaidi
Author-X-Name-First: M. Asghar
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaidi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Sociology and Psychology of Erasmus University in Rotterdam.
Title: Relative Poverty in Pakistan An Estimation from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (1984-85)
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 955-974
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/955-974.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:955-974

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sohail j. Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Sohail j.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Islamabad.
Title: Rural Poverty in Pakistan: Some Recent Evidence
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 975-995
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/975-995.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:975-995

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Howarth E. Bouis
Author-X-Name-First: Howarth E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Bouis
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
Title: Food Demand Elasticities by Income Group by Urban and Rural Populations for Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 997-1017
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/997-1017.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:997-1017

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Afzal
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Afzal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Some Demographic Features of the Disabled Population in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1021-1036
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1021-1036.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1021-1036

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zubeda Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zubeda
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Selected Correlates of Morbidity in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1037-1049
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1037-1049.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1037-1049

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ziaul Haque
Author-X-Name-First: Ziaul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haque
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Nature and Methodology of Islamic Economics: An Appraisal
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1065-1075
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1065-1075.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1065-1075

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Habib A. Zuberi
Author-X-Name-First: Habib A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zuberi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan.
Title: Interest Free Banking and Economic Stability
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1077-1087
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1077-1087.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1077-1087

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Anwar
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Anwar
Author-Workplace-Name: Kulliyyah of Economics and Management, International Islamic University, Malaysia.
Title: Islamic Banking in Iran and Pakistan: A Comparative Study
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1089-1097
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1089-1097.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1089-1097

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. R. Kemal
Author-X-Name-First: A. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kemal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Self-Reliance and the Implications for Growth and Resource Mobilisation
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1101-1110
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1101-1110.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1101-1110

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shamim A. Sahibzada
Author-X-Name-First: Shamim A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahibzada
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Mir Annice Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Mir Annice
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Why Most Development Projects Fail in Pakistan? A Plausible Explanation
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1111-1122
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1111-1122.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1111-1122

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ahmad Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Central Board of Revenue, Islamabad.
Title: Determinants of Income Tax Base in Pakistan: A Policy Review
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1123-1142
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1123-1142.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1123-1142

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Andrew P. Barkley
Author-X-Name-First: Andrew P.
Author-X-Name-Last: Barkley
Author-Workplace-Name: Department pf Agricultural Economics, Kanas State University, USA.
Title: Wheat Price Policy in Pakistan: A Welfare Economics Approach
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1145-1156
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1145-1156.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1145-1156

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gary Ender
Author-X-Name-First: Gary
Author-X-Name-Last: Ender
Author-Workplace-Name: Abt Associates Inc. in USAID's Agricultural Policy analysis Project.
Author-Name: Abdul Wasay
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Wasay
Author-Workplace-Name: Office of Agriculture and Rural Development, USAID/Islamabad.
Author-Name: Akhtar Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Akhtar
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Office of Agriculture and Rural Development, USAID/Islamabad.
Title: Wheat Price Policy in Pakistan: A Welfare Economics Approach
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1157-1171
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1157-1171.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1157-1171

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nuzhat Iqbal
Author-X-Name-First: Nuzhat
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqbal
Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University, Islamabad.
Title: Economic Analysis of the Effects of Wheat Price Distortions in Pakistan: 1975-90
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1173-1185
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1173-1185.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1173-1185

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard H. Adams, Jr.
Author-X-Name-First: Richard H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams, Jr.
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C 20036.
Title: The Effects of Migration and Remittances on Inequality in Rural Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1189-1206
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1189-1206.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1189-1206

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Beatrice knerr
Author-X-Name-First: Beatrice
Author-X-Name-Last: knerr
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural and Social Economics in the Tropics, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany.
Title: Methods for Assessing the Impact of Temporary Labour Emigration
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1207-1239
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1207-1239.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1207-1239

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faiz Bilquees
Author-X-Name-First: Faiz
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilquees
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Trends in Intersectoral Wages in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1243-1253
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1243-1253.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1243-1253

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabur Ghayur
Author-X-Name-First: Sabur
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghayur
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Office of the German Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Foundation.
Title: Combating Unemployment in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1255-1266
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1255-1266.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1255-1266

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khalid Hameed Sheikh
Author-X-Name-First: Khalid Hameed
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Zafar Iqbal
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqbal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Short-Term Employment Functions in Manufacturing Industries: An Empirical Analysis for Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1267-1277
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1267-1277.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1267-1277

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tauseef Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Tauseef
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Population Studies.
Author-Name: Syed Mubashir Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Mubashir
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, NIPS, Islamabad.
Title: Alternate Scenarios for Population Control in Pakistan: The Issue of Contraceptive Method Mix
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1281-1292
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1281-1292.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1281-1292

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tassawar Saeed Ibraz
Author-X-Name-First: Tassawar Saeed
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibraz
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Cultural Perceptions and the Productive Roles of Rural Pakistani Women
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1293-1307
Volume: 31
Issue: 4
Year: 1992
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1992/Volume4/1293-1307.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:31:y:1992:i:4:p:1293-1307