Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jere R. Behrman
Author-X-Name-First: Jere R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Behrman
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Author-Name: Ryan Schneider
Author-X-Name-First: Ryan
Author-X-Name-Last: Schneider
Author-Workplace-Name: Yale.
Title: An International Perspective on Pakistani Human Capital Investments in the Last Quarter Century
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to place Pakistani human capital investments in the past quarter century 
in an international perspective. As background, a simple analytical perspective is presented first. Then empirical 
experience from various developing countries is summarised. This relates to some dimensions of the determinants 
and the impact of human capital investments and related policies. Next, various dimensions of Pakistani human 
capital investments in schooling and health are compared with the international experience of the past quarter 
century, controlling for per capita income and initial literacy rates and subject to caveates about such comparisons. 
These comparisons suggest that, in the aggregate, Pakistan has had relatively low investments in schooling and 
relatively high investments in health. Consideration of the composition of these investments suggests that, 
in a comparative sense, Pakistani investments have been skewed towards higher rather than basic education, 
towards physician-intensive curative rather than basic preventative health care, towards males relative to females, 
and towards middle-and upper-income groups that tend to benefit more from post-primary schooling and from 
physician-related health services. The concluding section speculates on the implications of this perspective 
for Pakistani human capital investment policies.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1-68
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume1/1-68.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:1:p:1-68

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Derek Byerlee
Author-X-Name-First: Derek
Author-X-Name-Last: Byerlee
Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico.
Title: Technical Change and Returns to Wheat Breeding Research in Pakistan's Punjab in the Post-Green Revolution Period
Abstract: Rates of yield gain and returns to investment in wheat breeding research are estimated for Pakistan's Punjab 
for the period since the introduction of semidwarf varieties. Analysis of two comprehensive data sets indicates that 
wheat breeders have maintained a rate of yield gain in newer releases of semidwarf varieties of about 1 percent per year. 
Improved disease resistance of newer varieties may have also prevented a yield decline of the order of 0.25 percent 
per year. Yield gains on farms may be less (0.6 percent per year) because of slow diffusion of new varieties. 
Given costs of wheat research, returns to investment in wheat breeding have been above 20 percent and are over 
15 percent even if all research costs at the national and international level are included. However, more rapid 
diffusion of new varieties in the Punjab could considerably increase returns to wheat research.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 69-86
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume1/69-86.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:1:p:69-86

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Asraul Hoque
Author-X-Name-First: Asraul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hoque
Author-Workplace-Name: Deakin University, Australia.
Title: Allocative Efficiency and Input Subsidy in Asian Agriculture
Abstract: In this paper, input subsidies (fertiliser subsidies to be exact) have been related to the allocative 
efficiency of fertiliser input. Fertiliser was singled out not to ignore other inputs but to emphasise the fact 
that fertiliser accounts for at least 30 percent of the total farm expenditure in most of Asia, and the rest of 
the expense is accounted for by labour (which is primarily family labour). The regression results are based on a 
sample survey data of 150 farms of Khulna Division (Bangladesh) for the year 1986-87. We have first estimated a 
production function based on Hoque (1991) and then calculated the efficiency indices based on the estimated 
parameters of the production function. In the second stage regression, different farm sizes were regressed on 
efficiency indices which showed an overall inverse relationship (that is, the smaller the farm size, the higher 
the efficiency). This tendency is observed upto the size of 10 acres in case of fertiliser input. Thus, the farms 
upto the size of 10 acres should be subsidised to promote efficiency in production. However, if the selective 
subsidy programme is difficult to administer, one hundred percent subsidy may be worthwhile. It is argued that 
the withdrawal of the fertiliser subsidy will reduce efficiency and have an adverse impact on employment and 
output in the rural sector of Asia. The IFPRI (1987) study on Indonesia also clearly indicates this. Some 
indicative discussions in Section II and Section V support the statistical results in favour of fertiliser subsidy.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 87-99
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume1/87-99.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:1:p:87-99

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tassawar Saeed Ibraz
Author-X-Name-First: Tassawar Saeed
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibraz
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Cultural Context of Women's Productive Invisibility: A Case Study of a Pakistani Village
Abstract: This paper shows that women in Rajpur, a Punjabi village in Pakistan, participate substantially 
in activities that are 
productive and are geared directly or indirectly towards producing utilities of some kind. These utilities 
are both income-generating and/or expenditure-saving. Women are extensively involved in many agricultural 
and livestock-tending operations, in addition to their involvement in other productive domains such as 
poultry-tending, processing of dairy products, and handicrafts. Whereas men are working in the city to 
earn extra cash, women too, are working in pursuit of the same goal. However, women's involvement in these 
activities remains relatively unrecognised within larger cultural pictures and has not resulted in elevating 
their status within society. Despite women's productive activities, they are largely projected as domestic 
and private beings and their roles as home-makers, mothers, and nurturers of children have come to be 
culturally emphasised to the exclusion of all others. The institutions of purdah and segregation of sexes 
which confine women and their activities to the private domains and permit men access to the public domains 
act as effective cultural devices in creating blinders to women's productive roles. This paper contends 
that the existing dominant cultural images of women and the invisibility of their productive dimensions 
reflect social values rather than social reality.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 101-125
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume1/101-125.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:1:p:101-125

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ather Maqsood Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Ather Maqsood
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ismail Sirageldin
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirageldin
Author-Workplace-Name: The Johns Hopkins University, USA.
Title: Socio-economic Determinants of Labour Mobility in Pakistan
Abstract: Why do factors of production, especially the labour, migrate from one region or sector to another? 
This question, which remains fundamental to economic and human resource development, has been a major topic 
among researchers. While considerable progress has been made in developing a theoretical model of migration, 
the empirical verification of this model using individual level data has remained unresolved. With the 
availability of Population, Labour Force, and Migration (PLM) Survey data, this paper attempts to develop 
a model of internal migration in Pakistan, to serve as a guiding paradigm to write down a model for 
meaningful estimation. Keeping in line with the literature, three types of variables have been identified 
as the possible determinants of migration. These variables relate to the possession of human capital, 
commitment to job and place of residence, and cost-related factors. After controlling for other variables, 
it was observed that, in general, migrants were selective especially in terms of age, education, and choice 
of occupation. These findings are consistent with the evidence from other developing countries.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 139-157
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume2/139-157.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:2:p:139-157

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mir Anjum Altaf
Author-X-Name-First: Mir Anjum
Author-X-Name-Last: Altaf
Author-Workplace-Name: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Author-Name: Aly Ercelawn
Author-X-Name-First: Aly
Author-X-Name-Last: Ercelawn
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Author-Name: Kaiser Bengali
Author-X-Name-First: Kaiser
Author-X-Name-Last: Bengali
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Author-Name: Abdul Rahim
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahim
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Title: Poverty in Karachi: Incidence, Location, Characteristics, and Upward Mobility
Abstract: The paper examines the incidence and spatial distribution of poverty in Karachi, Pakistan. 
Based on a survey of 6000 households, it locates the clusters of poverty and presents a profile of the poor in the city. 
Just over one-third of the households in Karachi can be classified as poor, based on an absolute poverty line 
derived from standard consumption norms. Poverty is concentrated in six geographical clusters, which account 
for 60 percent of the sample households but 90 percent of the very poor households. Analysis of residential 
movement is used to derive some indirect evidence of socioeconomic mobility. This suggests that, historically, 
the incidence of upward mobility amongst the poor in Karachi, based partly on the acquisition of skills 
and education, has been quite high. Poverty in Karachi has not been endemic as a continuous influx of migrants 
at the bottom replaced those who moved up the economic ladder. The little evidence of downward mobility also 
identifies it as a more recent occurrence as compared to upward mobility. Data on education show that generational 
inequalities in educational attainments across different groups among the poor are not being perpetuated over time. 
At the same time, an analysis of investment in the education of children suggests some very tentative evidence of 
a possible loss of faith in education as a mechanism for upward mobility. Such indicative evidence is of 
considerable value given the absence of panel data for most cities in developing countries.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 159-178
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume2/159-178.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:2:p:159-178

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zaidi Sattar
Author-X-Name-First: Zaidi
Author-X-Name-Last: Sattar
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pennsylvania, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
Title: Government Control and Economic Growth in Asia: Evidence from Time Series Data
Abstract: Government control of the economy varies widely, in degree as well as effectiveness, across countries 
and continents. The LDCs of Asia have generally opted for planned development and a large public sector, 
giving their governments significant control over their economies. The Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) 
of Asia, on die other hand, have thrived on economic liberalisation and greater market orientation. 
The growth record of the Asian LDCs during the past decade appears pitiful as compared to that of the 
high-growth NICs. The present study attempts to empirically reassess the nature of the government's 
linkage with growth and productivity in Asian LDCs. The study finds evidence of a significant linkage 
between government and growth in developing Asia, but not in die NICs or eight of die leading market 
economies of die world. Empirical evidence from the present study suggests that excessive government 
control in die Asian LDCs might have bred inefficiency, though not so much as to retard economic growth. 
On balance, governmental impact on these economies remains significantly positive.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 179-197
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume2/179-197.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:2:p:179-197

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammed Sabihuddin Butt
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammed
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabihuddin Butt
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Author-Name: Haroon Jamal
Author-X-Name-First: Haroon
Author-X-Name-Last: Jamal
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Title: Determinants of Marital Fertility in Pakistan: An Application of the "Synthesis Framework"
Abstract: The fertility phase of the demographic transition has increasingly been viewed as a movement from high 
to low levels of fertility, and as a shift from natural fertility to deliberately controlled fertility. 
In an attempt to gain more insight into this process, the present study, in the context of Pakistan, is based 
on intensive National Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey data covering 10,000 households. It aims 
to focus on the determinants of fertility in Pakistan, specifically the determinants of the adoption of 
deliberate fertility regulations. The role of socio-economic modernisation and cultural factors in the 
determination of the potential family size and the adoption of deliberate fertility control through a knowledge 
of fertility regulations have also been explored. The 'Synthesis Framework' of fertility determination, applied 
to Sri Lanka and Colombia by Easterlin and Crimmins (1982), and with its recent modifications by Ahmed (1987), 
is the main vehicle for the study.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 199-220
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume2/199-220.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:2:p:199-220

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George E. Battese
Author-X-Name-First: George E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Battese
Author-Workplace-Name: University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
Author-Name: Sohail J. Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Sohail J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D. C, USA.
Author-Name: Sumiter Broca
Author-X-Name-First: Sumiter
Author-X-Name-Last: Broca
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D. C, USA.
Title: Production Functions for Wheat Farmers in Selected Districts of Pakistan: An Application of a Stochastic Frontier Production Function with Time-varying Inefficiency Effects
Abstract: Two models of technical inefficiency with a stochastic production frontier are considered in this paper. 
In the first model, it is assumed that the frontier itself does not vary with time, while in the second, the frontier 
is allowed to move. These models are applied to four years of panel data on wheat farmers in four districts of 
Pakistan Faisalabad and Attock in the Punjab, Badin in Sindh, and Dir in the NWFP. Using essentially the same 
stochastic frontier production function in each of the four districts involved, different stochastic specifications 
for the inefficiency effects are obtained for die different districts. Technical efficiencies of production of the 
individual farmers are predicted in each year in which they are observed. Varying patterns of technical inefficiency 
are observed. The null hypothesis (of no technical inefficiency) cannot be rejected in only one district. 
In the other districts, while inefficiencies appear to be present in all of them, they are declining at a fairly 
rapid pace in one. The results highlight the importance of analysis at a disaggregated level because it is clear 
that both the rate of technical change and relative efficiencies vary across regions and explicit cognisance must 
be taken of this both in research and policy formulation.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 233-268
Volume: 32
Issue: 3
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume3/233-268.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:3:p:233-268

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zubeda Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zubeda
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ghulam Y. Soomro
Author-X-Name-First: Ghulam Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Soomro
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Estimates of Birth Intervals in Pakistan, with and without the WFS Restrictions
Abstract: Almost all the World Fertility Surveys (WFS), and those repeating a similar pattern of pregnancy 
history data collection, like the Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey (PLM) carried out in Pakistan 
in 1979-80, covered information on proximate determinants for the last closed and open birth intervals. 
This paper, based on the PLM data, discusses the methodological issue of data collection. The types of 
restriction used have often been doubted as they have produced biased estimates of contraceptive use and 
duration of breast-feeding, which are important in the estimation of birth interval and in the ultimate 
estimation of the structures of the relationship predicting fertility. The representativeness of the last 
closed and open birth intervals is limited if these are probed deeper in the time before survey, as the 
proportion of births gets quite small. It is inappropriate to estimate proximate determinants on fertility 
data that do not provide information on all the births. Therefore, an attempt has been made to estimate 
contraceptive use and breast-feeding with and without the WFS restrictions. The logit model has been used 
with a dichotomous variable, 'whether the next live birth occurs or not', on proximate determinants and other 
socio-economic variables to estimate the amount of biasedness. The results reveal that there appears to be a 
higher proportion of unbiased estimates if they are derived through the unrestricted sample; and these 
results are in conformity with the results found elsewhere. The biasedness of the restricted samples also 
affects the studies aimed at observing the relationship between the predictor and the dependent variables.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 269-284
Volume: 32
Issue: 3
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume3/269-284.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:3:p:269-284

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hassan Zaky
Author-X-Name-First: Hassan
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaky
Author-Workplace-Name: Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Author-Name: Rebeca Wong
Author-X-Name-First: Rebeca
Author-X-Name-Last: Wong
Author-Workplace-Name: The Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Author-Name: Ismail Sirageldin
Author-X-Name-First: Ismail
Author-X-Name-Last: Sirageldin
Author-Workplace-Name: The Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Title: Testing for the Onset of Fertility Decline: An Illustration with the Case of Egypt
Abstract: This paper describes and illustrates how the economic household production model can be taken as a 
frame of reference to test the stage of the fertility transition for a given society. Egypt during the 1970s 
and early 1980s is taken as the setting to illustrate the test. Egyptian fertility trends from the mid-1960s 
to the early 1980s puzzled demographers and social scientists. It was not known if Egypt was at the onset of 
a sustainable fertility decline by the early 1980s. The illustration exercise shows that the Egyptian household 
fertility behaviour during this period fits poorly with the model specification corresponding to a 
post-transition society. We find that fertility by the end of the 1970s was not endogenous to other 
household decisions, and conclude that a sustained decline in fertility was unlikely without this endogeneity. 
These results agree with previous literature on the fertility transition in Egypt. The paper concludes with 
limitations of the empirical test presented, laying emphasis on the lessons learned to examine the stage of 
the fertility transition in any society. The conclusions also highlight the importance of considering the 
stage of the transition in order to specify fertility models appropriately.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 285-301
Volume: 32
Issue: 3
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume3/285-301.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:3:p:285-301

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Erinc Yeldan
Author-X-Name-First: A. Erinc
Author-X-Name-Last: Yeldan
Author-Workplace-Name: Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Title: Conflicting Interests and Structural Inflation: Turkey, 1980-1990
Abstract: The paper analyses the structural causes of the recent Turkish inflationary episode. It is argued 
that monetary policies based on credit tightening alone are not likely to yield the desired target of price 
stabilisation. Instead, it is hypothesised that the underlying sources of price inflation are affected by 
income inequality and conflicting claims on national output; and that excessive credit expansion serves mainly 
to accommodate the inertial inflation thereby originated in the real sector.
Given this hypothesis, the paper employs a computable general equilibrium model to investigate four distinct 
sources of structural inflation for the Turkish economy: (i) the profit/rent inflation based on monopolistic 
mark-ups over prime costs; (ii) imported inflation due to the import-dependent structure of the domestic 
industry; (iii) cost-push and demand inflation due to urban wage claims; and (iv) inflation that results 
from the fiscal pressures of the government's budget deficits.
The general equilibrium model is in the Keynesian tradition in determining the production level by aggregate 
demand constraints. Furthermore, it accommodates oligopolistic mark-up rules and working capital expenses for 
price determination, and nominal wage fixity to determine the level of employment.
The general equilibrium analysis of the macro economy suggests that, over the analysed period, conflicting 
claims of various social classes on national output and conflicting rates of intersectoral accumulation 
warranted by competing producer groups have become important sources of disequilibria in the domestic economy; 
and that the distributional conflict among socio-economic classes had a direct impact on the formation of price movements.
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 303-327
Volume: 32
Issue: 3
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume3/303-327.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:3:p:303-327

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ronald W. Jones
Author-X-Name-First: Ronald W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Jones
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.
Title: The New Protectionism and the Nature of World Trade
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 389-408
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/389-408.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:389-408

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Author-X-Name-First: Hans-Rimbert
Author-X-Name-Last: Hemmer
Author-Workplace-Name: German Foundation for International Development, Germany.
Title: A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 411-431
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/411-431.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:411-431

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mark W. Rosegrant
Author-X-Name-First: Mark W.
Author-X-Name-Last: Rosegrant
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
Author-Name: Robert E. Evenson
Author-X-Name-First: Robert E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Evenson
Author-Workplace-Name: Yale University, Connecticut, USA.
Title: Agricultural Productivity Growth in Pakistan and India: A Comparative Analysis
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 433-451
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/433-451.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:433-451

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nancy Birdsall
Author-X-Name-First: Nancy
Author-X-Name-Last: Birdsall
Author-Workplace-Name: World Bank.
Author-Name: David Ross
Author-X-Name-First: David
Author-X-Name-Last: Ross
Author-Workplace-Name: Bryn Mawr College.
Author-Name: Richard Sabot
Author-X-Name-First: Richard
Author-X-Name-Last: Sabot
Author-Workplace-Name: Williams College and World Bank.
Title: Underinvestment in Education: How Much Growth has Pakistan Foregone?
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 453-499
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/453-499.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:453-499

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Hartwig De Haen
Author-X-Name-First: Hartwig
Author-X-Name-Last: De Haen
Author-Workplace-Name: Food and Agriculture Organisation, Room.
Title: Agricultural Development and Environmental Protection: Some Key Issues of Potential Relevance to Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 501-521
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/501-521.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:501-521

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Roberto S. Mariano
Author-X-Name-First: Roberto S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Mariano
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Title: Complementarity and Conflict among Population and other Policies: Specifying an Economic-Demographic Model for a Developing Country
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 523-540
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/523-540.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:523-540

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Ali Khan
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 21218.
Title: On Education as a Commodity
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 541-582
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/541-582.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:541-582

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nasir M. Khilji
Author-X-Name-First: M. Nasir M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khilji
Author-Workplace-Name: Assumption College, Worcester, Mass., USA.
Title: The Behaviour of Stock Returns in an Emerging Market: A Case Study of Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 593-604
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/593-604.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:593-604

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jamshed Y. Uppal
Author-X-Name-First: Jamshed Y.
Author-X-Name-Last: Uppal
Author-Workplace-Name: Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C, USA.
Title: The Internationalisation of the Pakistani Stock Market: An Empirical Investigation
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 605-618
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/605-618.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:605-618

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khwaja Sarmad
Author-X-Name-First: Khwaja
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarmad
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Studies, the Hague, the Netherlands.
Title: Private Capital Outflow from Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 619-627
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/619-627.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Paul Oslington
Author-X-Name-First: Paul
Author-X-Name-Last: Oslington
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Sydney, Australia.
Title: History of Development Economics
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 631-638
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/631-638.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shamim A. Sahibzada
Author-X-Name-First: Shamim A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sahibzada
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Urbanisation and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 639-649
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/639-649.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mir Annice Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Mir Annice
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: On the Privatisation of Health Care in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 651-661
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/651-661.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Abdul Majeed
Author-X-Name-First: Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Majeed
Author-Workplace-Name: National Transport Research Centre, Islamabad.
Title: National Roads Requirements
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 663-673
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/663-673.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tayyeb Shabbir
Author-X-Name-First: Tayyeb
Author-X-Name-Last: Shabbir
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Multinomial Logit Model of Occupational Choice: A Latent Variable Approach
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 687-698
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/687-698.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sohail J. Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Sohail J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Islamabad.
Author-Name: Naeem Sarwar
Author-X-Name-First: Naeem
Author-X-Name-Last: Sarwar
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Islamabad.
Title: Some Tests for Differences in Consumption Patterns: The Impact of Remittances Using Household Income and Expenditure Survey Data of Pakistan 1987-88
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 699-711
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/699-711.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahnaz Hamid
Author-X-Name-First: Shahnaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Hamid
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: A Micro Analysis of Demand-side Determinants of Schooling in Urban Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 713-723
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/713-723.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Azra Perveen
Author-X-Name-First: Azra
Author-X-Name-Last: Perveen
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Population Studies, Islamabad.
Title: Inter-Provincial Migration in Pakistan 1971-1981
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 725-735
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/725-735.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:725-735

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zakir Hussain Rana
Author-X-Name-First: Zakir Hussain
Author-X-Name-Last: Rana
Author-Workplace-Name: ARD/USAID, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Rao Shafiq-ur-Rehman
Author-X-Name-First: Rao Shafiq-ur-
Author-X-Name-Last: Rehman
Author-Workplace-Name: EPA (Chemonics International Consultant Division) Project, Islamabad.
Title: Policy Imperatives: Stabilisation of Production and Price Swings of Potato and Onion Crops in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 737-749
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/737-749.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Anil B. Deolalikar
Author-X-Name-First: Anil B.
Author-X-Name-Last: Deolalikar
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Washington.
Author-Name: Stephen A. Vosti
Author-X-Name-First: Stephen A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Vosti
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Title: The Demand for Inputs and the Supply of Output in Pakistan: Estimating a Fixed-effects, Distributed-lag Model for Wheat Farmers
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 751-769
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/751-769.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Moazam Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Moazam
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: A Macro Analysis of Time Change in the Distribution of Land
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 771-787
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/771-787.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: B. A. Azhar
Author-X-Name-First: B. A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Azhar
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Title: Stagnation in Foodgrain Production in Pakistan: Evidence, Causes and Prospects
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 789-797
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/789-797.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Usman Mustafa
Author-X-Name-First: Usman
Author-X-Name-Last: Mustafa
Author-Workplace-Name: Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Pakistan Agriculture Research Council (PARC) at Quetta.
Title: Simulation Model for Distributions of Crop Yields Based on Farmer Perception-A Case Study from Highland Balochistan, Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 799-808
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/799-808.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Ghaffar Chaudhry
Author-X-Name-First: M. Ghaffar
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhry
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Syed Abdul Majid
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Abdul
Author-X-Name-Last: Majid
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry
Author-X-Name-First: Ghulam Mustafa
Author-X-Name-Last: Chaudhry
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Policy of Irrigation Water Pricing in Pakistan: Aims, Assessment and Needed Redirections
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 809-821
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/809-821.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Joe Ryan
Author-X-Name-First: Joe
Author-X-Name-Last: Ryan
Author-Workplace-Name: USAID, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Shaheen Rafi Khan
Author-X-Name-First: SShaheen Rafi
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: USAID, Islamabad.
Title: The Impact of the GOP's Wheat Pricing Policy on Flour Prices
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 823-832
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/823-832.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ruth Meinzen-Dick
Author-X-Name-First: Ruth Meinzen-
Author-X-Name-Last: Dick
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
Title: Performance of Groundwater Markets in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 833-845
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/833-845.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:833-845

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: George E. Battese
Author-X-Name-First: George E.
Author-X-Name-Last: Battese
Author-Workplace-Name: University of New England, Australia.
Author-Name: Sohail J. Malik
Author-X-Name-First: Sohail J.
Author-X-Name-Last: Malik
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Islamabad.
Author-Name: Nargis Sultana
Author-X-Name-First: Nargis
Author-X-Name-Last: Sultana
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Islamabad.
Title: Capital Labour Substitution in the Large-scale Food-processing Industry in Pakistan: Some Recent Evidence
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 847-858
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/847-858.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:847-858

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nuzhat Iqbal
Author-X-Name-First: Nuzhat
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqbal
Author-Workplace-Name: International Islamic University, Islamabad.
Title: Economic Analysis of the Effects of Rice Price Distortions in Pakistan: 1975-90
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 859-872
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/859-872.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:859-872

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Akmal
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Akmal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: A Dynamic Model of Milk Production Response for Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 873-884
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/873-884.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:873-884

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Shahnaz Kazi
Author-X-Name-First: Shahnaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazi
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Zeba A. Sathar
Author-X-Name-First: Zeba A.
Author-X-Name-Last: Sathar
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Informalisation of Women's Work: Consequence for Fertility and Child Schooling in Urban Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 887-893
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/887-893.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Javed Ashraf
Author-X-Name-First: Javed
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf
Author-Workplace-Name: University of West Florida Pensacola, FL 32514.
Author-Name: Birjees Ashraf
Author-X-Name-First: Birjees
Author-X-Name-Last: Ashraf
Author-Workplace-Name: University of West Florida Pensacola, FL 32514.
Title: An Analysis of the Male-Female Earnings Differential in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 895-904
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/895-904.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Tassawar S. Ibraz
Author-X-Name-First: Tassawar S.
Author-X-Name-Last: Ibraz
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Anjum Fatima
Author-X-Name-First: Anjum
Author-X-Name-Last: Fatima
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Uneducated and Unhealthy: The Plight of Women in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 905-915
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/905-915.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Khaleda Manzoor
Author-X-Name-First: Khaleda
Author-X-Name-Last: Manzoor
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Population Studies, Islamabad.
Title: An Attempt to Measure Female Status in Pakistan and its Impact on Reproductive Behaviour
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 917-930
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/917-930.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:917-930

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ziaul Haque
Author-X-Name-First: Ziaul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haque
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Nature and Significance of the Medieval and Modern Interpretations of Riba
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 933-946
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/933-946.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Hussain
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Hussain
Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute of Islamic Economic, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
Title: A Macroeconomic Taxation Model for an Islamic Economy
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 947-960
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/947-960.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Muhammad Anwar
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Anwar
Author-Workplace-Name: Kulliyyah of Economics and Management International Islamic University, Malaysia.
Title: Strategies to Settle Existing Debts under an Islamised Banking System
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 961-971
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/961-971.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:961-971

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Author-X-Name-First: Sarfraz Khan
Author-X-Name-Last: Qureshi
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: A Critical Evaluation of the Budgetary Process for Public Expenditure in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 975-989
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/975-989.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:975-989

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ahmad Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Ahmad
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Central Board of Revenue, Islamabad.
Title: Presumptive Tax as an Alternate Income Tax Base: A Case Study of Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 991-1004
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/991-1004.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:991-1004

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Syed Zahid Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Zahid
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad.
Title: Stability, Wage Contracts, Rational Expectations, and Devaluations
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1005-1013
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1005-1013.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1005-1013

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Salim Chishti
Author-X-Name-First: Salim
Author-X-Name-Last: Chishti
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi.
Author-Name: M. Aynul Hasan
Author-X-Name-First: M. Aynul
Author-X-Name-Last: Hasan
Author-Workplace-Name: Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Title: What Determines the Behaviour of Real Exchange Rate in Pakistan?
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1015-1029
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1015-1029.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1015-1029

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ather Maqsood Ahmed
Author-X-Name-First: Ather Maqsood
Author-X-Name-Last: Ahmed
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Muhammad Rafiq
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Rafiq
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: M. Shahid Iqbal
Author-X-Name-First: M. Shahid
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqbal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Dynamic Properties of an Aggregate Econometric Model of Pakistan's Economy
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1031-1041
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1031-1041.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1031-1041

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Kalbe Abbas
Author-X-Name-First: Kalbe
Author-X-Name-Last: Abbas
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Muhammad Ali Qasim
Author-X-Name-First: Muhammad Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Qasim
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: An Analysis of Monetary Policy in Controlling the Monetary Assets in Pakistan: A Money Multiplier Approach (1971-72 to 1989-90)
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1043-1054
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1043-1054.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1043-1054

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Faiz Bilquees
Author-X-Name-First: Faiz
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilquees
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Determinants of Money Multipliers
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1055-1065
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1055-1065.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1055-1065

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Saleem M. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Saleem M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, PA, USA.
Title: Domestic Resource Mobilisation: A Structural Approach
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1067-1078
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1067-1078.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1067-1078

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Afzal
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Afzal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: M. Framurz K. Kayani
Author-X-Name-First: M. Framurz K.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kayani
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Ali Mohammad
Author-X-Name-First: Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohammad
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: An Indirect View of the Fertility Changes in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1081-1096
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1081-1096.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1081-1096

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naushin Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Naushin
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: G. M. Zahid
Author-X-Name-First: G. M.
Author-X-Name-Last: Zahid
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: The Demand for Fertility Control in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1097-1106
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1097-1106.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1097-1106

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Syed Mubasher Ali
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Mubasher
Author-X-Name-Last: Ali
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Hussain Bukhsh Siyal
Author-X-Name-First: Hussain Bukhsh
Author-X-Name-Last: Siyal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Mehboob Sultan
Author-X-Name-First: Mehboob
Author-X-Name-Last: Sultan
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Population Studies, Islamabad.
Title: How Similar are the Determinants of Mortality and Fertility?
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1107-1115
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1107-1115.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1107-1115

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zubeda Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Zubeda
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Immunisation and Infant Mortality in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1117-1123
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1117-1123.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1117-1123

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Naseem Iqbal Farooqui
Author-X-Name-First: M. Naseem Iqbal
Author-X-Name-Last: Farooqui
Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Population Studies, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Khalid Hameed Sheikh
Author-X-Name-First: Khalid Hameed
Author-X-Name-Last: Sheikh
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Demand Side of Pakistan's Population Welfare Programme
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1125-1137
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1125-1137.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1125-1137

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zafar Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Riaz Mahmood
Author-X-Name-First: Riaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Mahmood
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Under-invoicing of Imports: A Case Study of Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1141-1155
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1141-1155.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1141-1155

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Naheed Z. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Naheed Z.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Islamia University, Bahawalpur.
Author-Name: Eric Rahim
Author-X-Name-First: Eric
Author-X-Name-Last: Rahim
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
Title: Foreign Aid, Domestic Savings and Economic Growth (Pakistan: 1960 to 1988)
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1157-1167
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1157-1167.pdf
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Asghar Zaidi
Author-X-Name-First: M. Asghar
Author-X-Name-Last: Zaidi
Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University in Rotterdam.
Author-Name: Klaas De Vos
Author-X-Name-First: Klaas
Author-X-Name-Last: De Vos
Author-Workplace-Name: Erasmus University in Rotterdam.
Title: Research on Poverty Statistics in Pakistan Some Sensitivity Analyses
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1171-1186
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1171-1186.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1171-1186

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Richard H. Adams, JR.
Author-X-Name-First: Richard H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Adams JR.
Author-Workplace-Name: International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D. C. 20036.
Title: Non-farm Income and Inequality in Rural Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1187-1198
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1187-1198.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1187-1198

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Yasmeen Mohiuddin
Author-X-Name-First: Yasmeen
Author-X-Name-Last: Mohiuddin
Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Sewanee, Tennessee, USA.
Title: Credit Worthiness of Poor Women: A Comparison of Some Minimalist Credit Programmes in Asia: A Preliminary Analysis
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1199-1209
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1199-1209.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1199-1209

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Israrul Haq
Author-X-Name-First: Israrul
Author-X-Name-Last: Haq
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Manpower Institute, Islamabad.
Title: Gaps in the Employment Strategy of the National Manpower Commission: An Alternative Strategy
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1213-1223
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1213-1223.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1213-1223

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Sabur Ghayur
Author-X-Name-First: Sabur
Author-X-Name-Last: Ghayur
Author-Workplace-Name: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Pakistan Office, Islamabad.
Title: Employment Pattern and Extent of Under-utilisation of Manpower in Rural Barani Areas of Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1225-1233
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1225-1233.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1225-1233

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mohammad Nishat
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Nishat
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Author-Name: Nighat Bilgrami
Author-X-Name-First: Nighat
Author-X-Name-Last: Bilgrami
Author-Workplace-Name: Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Title: The Determinants of Worker's Remittances in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1235-1245
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1235-1245.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1235-1245

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. R. Kemal
Author-X-Name-First: A. R.
Author-X-Name-Last: Kemal
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Why Do Small Firms Fail to Graduate to Medium and Large Firms in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1249-1257
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1249-1257.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1249-1257

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ashfaque H. Khan
Author-X-Name-First: Ashfaque H.
Author-X-Name-Last: Khan
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Mohammad Rafiq
Author-X-Name-First: Mohammad
Author-X-Name-Last: Rafiq
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Substitution among Labour, Capital, Imported Raw Materials, and Bank Credit in Pakistan's Manufacturing
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1259-1266
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1259-1266.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1259-1266

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Syed Ather Hussain Akbari
Author-X-Name-First: Syed Ather Hussain
Author-X-Name-Last: Akbari
Author-Workplace-Name: Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada and the Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Author-Name: Riaz Riazuddin
Author-X-Name-First: Riaz
Author-X-Name-Last: Riazuddin
Author-Workplace-Name: Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada and the Applied Economics Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi.
Title: Growth of Manufacturing Employment in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis of Punjab and Sindh (Preliminary Results)
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1267-1277
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1267-1277.pdf
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Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1267-1277

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Rehana Siddiqui
Author-X-Name-First: Rehana
Author-X-Name-Last: Siddiqui
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Author-Name: Rizwana Siddiqui
Author-X-Name-First: Rizwana
Author-X-Name-Last: Siddiqui
Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.
Title: Household Saving Behaviour in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1281-1292
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1281-1292.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1281-1292

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Zafar Iqbal
Author-X-Name-First: Zafar
Author-X-Name-Last: Iqbal
Author-Workplace-Name: Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Title: Institutional Variations in Saving Behaviour in Pakistan
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1293-1311
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1293-1311.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1293-1311

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Aqdas Ali Kazmi
Author-X-Name-First: Aqdas Ali
Author-X-Name-Last: Kazmi
Author-Workplace-Name: Planning and Development, Islamabad.
Title: National Savings Rates of India and Pakistan: A Macroeconometric Analysis
Journal: The Pakistan Development Review
Pages: 1313-1324
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Year: 1993
File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1993/Volume4/1313-1324.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:32:y:1993:i:4:p:1313-1324