Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. M. Arif Author-X-Name-First: G. M. Author-X-Name-Last: Arif Author-Workplace-Name: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. Title: Child Health and Poverty in Pakistan Abstract: This study examines the health status of Pakistani children using two important indicators, morbidity and malnutrition measured by weight-for-age and height-for-age. The demand for medical services has also been determined. The main data source used in this study is the 2000-01 Pakistan Social-Economic Survey (PSES), which provides sufficient information on child health and poverty. Findings of the study show that both exclusive breastfeeding during the first 4-5 months of life and immunisation can help control the occurrence of illness significantly among the young children (0-5 months). These also reinforce the role of mother’s education in the production of child health (nutritional status). This role of mother’s education is found to be more pronounced in the poor families than in the non-poor families. The rise in poverty since the mid-1990s has adversely influenced the nutritional status of children. The basic issue is about how to reduce the household food insecurity. The benefits of recent high GDP growth may be transferred to the poor through employment generation, which has been slow in the past decade. Real incomes of the poor and the vulnerable segments of the population may also be protected against the rise in prices of essential food items. At present, the health and nutrition sector is getting only 0.7 percent of the GDP. Health care facilities in the country are curative in nature, and are heavily skewed in favour of the diagnostic and treatment side, not preventive healthcare aspects. More resources should be made available for preventive healthcare aspects. Coverage of child immunisation should be enhanced, and the provision of safe drinkingwater may be given high priority in the social sector policies. Classification-JEL: I1, I3 Keywords: Medical, Child Health Journal: The Pakistan Development Review Pages: 211-238 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2004/GMArif.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:43:y:2004:i:3:p:211-238 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Ter Wang Author-X-Name-First: Yu-Ter Author-X-Name-Last: Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Ming Chuan University, Taoyaun, Taiwan. Author-Name: Bih-Jane Liu Author-X-Name-First: Bih-Jane Author-X-Name-Last: Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Author-Name: Pan-Long Tsai Author-X-Name-First: Pan-Long Author-X-Name-Last: Tsai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Title: Trade Policy and Economic Integration in a Cournot Duopoly Model Abstract: This paper investigates the policy and welfare implications of forming an economic region in the context of a Cournot duopoly model. Some theoretical results are obtained. First, the economic region lowers the external tariff (against non-partner countries) less than its pre-integration level when a sufficiently large subsidy on the imports from the partner is carried out. Second, economic integration reduces the non-partner country’s welfare. Third, although the region still gains from integration even under some partial trade liberalisation regimes, complete trade liberalisation within the region leads to higher regional welfare. Finally, trade liberalisation within the region improves the welfare of the world as a whole. Classification-JEL: F13, F15, C23 Keywords: Trade Policy, Economic Integration Journal: The Pakistan Development Review Pages: 239-251 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2004/YuTer%20Wang.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:43:y:2004:i:3:p:239-251 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iraj Saleh Author-X-Name-First: Iraj Author-X-Name-Last: Saleh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran. Title: Estimating Shadow Wage Rates for Economic Project Appraisal Abstract: One of the central concerns in cost benefit analysis is the adjustment of distortions in markets to provide a better guide to a more effective allocation of scarce resources. The objectives of this paper are to develop a model for the estimation of the shadow wage rate (SWR) for groups of occupations and to estimate the SWRs for the major groups of occupations in Australia. The main findings of the analysis indicate that estimated SWRs for major groups of occupations are different from the corresponding market wage rates, and that estimated SWRs of the groups are different. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of estimation of the SWR as a part of the appraisal process of investment projects. The ratio analysis indicates the significance of the difference between SWR and market wage rate, which is recommended to be adjusted is economic analysis of projects. Classification-JEL: H43 Keywords: Wages, Shadow Prices, Economic Projects Journal: The Pakistan Development Review Pages: 253-266 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2004/Iraj%20Saleh.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:43:y:2004:i:3:p:253-266 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waqasullah Khan Shinwari Author-X-Name-First: Waqasullah Khan Author-X-Name-Last: Shinwari Author-Workplace-Name: Sui Northern Gas Corporation, Lahore. Author-Name: Fahd Ali Author-X-Name-First: Fahd Author-X-Name-Last: Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad. Author-Name: A. H. Nayyar Author-X-Name-First: A. H. Author-X-Name-Last: Nayyar Author-Workplace-Name: Physics Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. Title: Electric Power Generation from Solar Photovoltaic Technology: Is It Marketable in Pakistan? Abstract: Solar photovoltaic systems are prohibitively expensive in terms of installation costs. Power from them is also available intermittently—only when energy from the sun is available. On the other hand, PV systems are free of the ever-rising costs of input fuel. They also incur much less operation and maintenance costs and are supposed to have a longer lifetime than, for example, a fossil fuel power plant. Thus using solar-PV power looks uneconomical in the short term, but may be profitable in the long term. It is, therefore, interesting to identify the factors that can make investment in solar PV power generation acceptable. This paper carries out a financial analysis of installing a 10 MW solar photovoltaic power generation plant for sale of electricity to a grid. It compares the levelised cost of this mode of energy generation as compared to a fossil fuel plant. It also calculates the cost of electricity generation and tariff for power from this plant. It then identifies the factors that can make the investment in a grid-scale solar PV plant more favourable than investment in other conventional and non-renewable sources. Classification-JEL: L94 Keywords: Solar Energy Journal: The Pakistan Development Review Pages: 267-294 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 File-URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2004/Waqasullah.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:43:y:2004:i:3:p:267-294