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application/pdfConditions of Agricultural Growth in Developing Countries(Invited Lecture)Economic development is hardly possible without an increase inagricultural production. This holds especially true for the developmentof industry and other non-agricultural sectors. How else should arapidly increasing population outside the agricultural sector bemaintained with necessary agricultural goods? Though this is a simpletruth agricultural production, especially food production increase hasbeen far from satisfactory in many developing countries. Between 1974-76and 1982-84 per capita food production in industrialized countriesincreased at a much higher rate than in developing countries and inalmost 50 developing countries it has even declined during the sameperiod. 1 Many developing countries are now heavily dependent on foodimports to sustain their urban population, though they have comparativeadvantages to produce agricultural products. How is this defect to beexplained? Technical reasons are not prevailing. Though only in Africaand South America unused arable land is available to a large extent butnot in Asia, it would be possible to dramatically increase agriculturalproduction by introducing new seed varieties, chemical fertilizer andirrigation. The main factors to hamper agricultural growth arepolitical, social and economic. T. H. Schultz wrote in 1978: "What isneeded are many Green Revolutions that would increase agriculturalproduction throughout low income countries. They could be had, but theyare presently suppressed by the lack of adequate incentives."2 In manydeveloping countries the farm sector is exploited by the urban sectorand a stream of agricultural surplus is channelled out of the farmsector to feed the nonagricultural population. Very often the prices offarm products are artificially held down.
Acrobat 5.0 Scan Plug-in for Windows; modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XTWinter 1988,Vol. 27, No.4 Part I
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