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application/pdfFemale-headed Households and Urban Poverty in PakistanThere is growing evidence not only of a substantial increasein woman-headed households all over the world but also of the severelydisadvantaged economic condition of these households. These women areamongst the poorest of the Poor - belonging to what may be termed a"Fifth World". In the urban areas, they are concentrated in the informalsector which serves as a catchment area and source of identification ofsuch household heads. A household may be designated as women-headed,de/acto or dejure. or both, if the male spouse is absent (widows,divorcees, abandoned women); or is present but contributes marginally tothe economic maintenance of the household either due to irregularity anduncertainty of his income (in turn due to old age, sickness or nature ofjob) or lack of women's control over such income or gender specificdifferences in disposition of income. These woman-headed households areespecially vulnerable to poverty because of the marital status of mostof the household heads, their lack of access to productive resources andincome as well as services, the decline of the traditional familialsupport system, size and composition of household, etc. They are alsomore vulnerable because they face the challenge of makingmarket-oriented activities compa tible with domestic responsibilities.With the education and training at their disposal and their dual role asmothers and workers, the type of jobs available to them are the informalsector jobs. Within the informal sector, there are very few options forpoor women since in the cultural setting of Pakistan females areconfined to jobs where sex seclusion can be assured. One of such optionsis to work as a domestic servant It is the purpose of this paper toinvestigate the economic status of households headed by female domesticsin Karachi, Pakistan.
Acrobat 5.0 Scan Plug-in for Windows; modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XTWinter 1989,Vol. 28, No.4 Part II
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