%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>stream
application/pdfEconomic Analysis of the Effects of Wheat Price Distortions inPakistan: 1975-90Price distortions induce the inefficient utilisation ofresources by giving incorrect signals to producers and consumers. Sincedistorted prices do not reflect the real value of resources, quantitiesof goods and services produced may not be consistent with their demand.These may be caused by a number of different reasons. They may, forinstance, be caused by monopolistic tendencies, preferential treatmentof a particular sector of the economy, establishment or diffusion of aparticular product or an input, etc. In fact, price distortions occursometimes from deliberate and sometime inadvertent government policiesof subsidies and price supports in pursuance of certain social oreconomic objectives. In fact, where there is no government intervention,prices equilibrate consumer demand with the productive capacities ofproducers. If prices are distorted by any agency their allocative roleis seriously diminished. Resource use efficiencies increase if thegovernment restricts its role to ensuring proper functioning of themarket and lets prices be determined by the forces of demand and supply.Nevertheless, it is now being increasingly recognised that agriculturalprice distortions are inherently adverse to the national economy becausethey stimulate a non-optional transfer of resources out of agriculturewhen set too low, and putting an excessive burden on consumers when setabove world prices. This study shall discuss the price interventionmechanism adopted in Pakistan, then; analyse the effects of distortionsof prices and the role of distorted prices in achieving the abovementioned objectives.
Acrobat 5.0 Scan Plug-in for Windows; modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XTWinter 1992,Vol. 31, No.4 Part II
endstream
endobj
2 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/ImageB]>>/CropBox[0 0 393.6 576.96]/Parent 5 0 R/Type/Page>>
endobj
3 0 obj
<>stream
q
393.60 0 0 576.96 0 0 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
endstream
endobj
4 0 obj
<>/Filter/CCITTFaxDecode/Width 1640/BitsPerComponent 1/Name/Im1/Height 2404/Decode[1 0]/Subtype/Image/Length 37229/ColorSpace/DeviceGray/Type/XObject>>stream
&[C XeF@W]k
,pu0d aD`k@KP"MH*^e-viT ___UK{9SY 5Ȕ4pM4.0xT_JIu-M-RG:sa?GU5Aסt,-zT_JK_ҮUUt$I.Ԃ-Wu:^zz%VI,'R
A(! x6 ֓45DŽ.^*tY`Am3֙
fb8txqv`
,qDo]?@|!
$5@
!C ((T+!h!
+ xl m0InW 2z5UR&H2l([ xe^TmtAA
65<0ǥ}l?NQ,T
oMϕ @wݥk xi몏B*6Z~;a}]G_ܛhOg4B
D'h3Ȏ\
>v@B`G!hd&24YXC
?@̠e\́0 LGh00Bh!
!d<XAB a4AB^ H7 `coB
C!g:>REaBy228! G&>w}~*I'zNoOOޓU߿_OդnyogҵkO{,U_I}?5|ӡӴWkO
o_}h/I}[Q߾i{_/+:~kL_+wݿ]~}GmoWzGmA;{G.}vEk;]|{W?U`?[ׯ]_A~K[кkF~._k[[IW״&qv^}_Mojxot;8igIuXk_ե
v_{߰_]U
H4.Mi
6;L&8$lbe:m:Q\wwomJz~M5XkT5
bjEpI i" !m6
0l$dӄlVH4N(Ӈl[jiWNUC2LM2:?զd'M0f|1Jµ=^ڠE[QLCI ݊B-iFa1Qdp`!&0B"8hDDE3a hC&8aa\q@*CL&)a; QB86"3ahD01!CL rІL" ず}B""""""""!!fx@ZF>iic%ZV]'I[Im,0b""?
F@mrKKS!x@`f<G܆@h$3]A; xfN 40Bd
Hm+U\*<3\*Ӱ<8wCUJIaTo xe; y{k!7uk*Cw
SrOOݏ꾪 !lBDCx""̇sA˲ ȠR8s9
.C@a8d:ޡ_!0B!`Bv``A`"` d4p#AMᓰAk? b
d< aW/7ahf`̠̈́3#<`CgB'(yAHi9Q=[>+XBahZt0 !! Ag A7mIm4ri=r75G0
>ML! 0ҼCB/M
֒ VOzznr֓ 'GGm
㣆͆Tzk6ڳ!ãY&/ZO>"}Y/1a?~]4ZZ=a6hٚոf}6t]a鲽-~H:6~ ~ޒжкk<.UArt9[OIM;i6xkCzM:iG!A#9p a.
!a2>B"B!"",8 a`:pdpL&L gAa4OPavDDDDDg6φB
aDDC.A !͘"60Z @DDDDDDDDDGi@ܡDr@'G
|'SeA+ x,{!@e[p0L('` @~USTª& tsqMB!>AhpJvG_LI;Dkr h>!ǫBmi_U x*Bz(!6)K9܂[Mu];0B02.~!NfAA ȳE1>y29xC9/@6AN@.
ND28@:IC -:i
7
xPM=0a40 dLЋ0A:|#!apaGq#p9RL9ra0(BAr0DDDDDDDDg$<|42>?@dr&C$jYp@( i L @"+ xk6<.M0MB2spiô
[0=;AO 6
x}hX8<_u@ڡ9˲2d,_BLB~E G
f
s Ѳ.\#prOAXA4A2V2. aBLEqB, a2
"274_?x@ȣA'
p'Ar'r
܂
Qʨö SL3-NhZL!a0BAPL' 50L E8RXE!0Al%,dn&,!hBv ,9zʂmGmmƎ:hGh4#µ5G&gl!aXI\+'I0BA&!m'VߧOLtx[4&ɠG,/MM9)
htmOLE
@oPEӡgUTZTIlkL&f6\χϥi6PN>ylI'ے6GV4b$q֓]|!_u? ү~>Woaj៌amѸZpl?a
_{ڦ
'V뿱߯ߺ~Oiiھ& 0a9;>A~]%[V}=?Ü m5wpPW/__oK}opl_~}B_k0;Bm!G%5>#O!a÷DuO
BQ[Mkz+M6е"k#zޡ
R_B{6Ѵݺ֛_m7A=_w߯_$kPz}moi6Na[J˿'Z_]AtD=k|WrҾ 7;.m[Kwr$m5jհi4
A6i58j0SN)b?[T[N_VVQSUihSTij-n
0Vƚh[ IM æN; \m &űj\Rim֝UOa#a8PA
3M4
4Rua{Lz{T_بB.H6Zm!/EH8" q"pf(!-`(
28B84Eh0L 0^ h
iښzf&bMzÈtl$DZ""DpXB
lhB"L4CXYaOOqDDEDDFx5BQ!q֕/ꆄGHGTTCJzId$C2i!`:X^.@S dY2@M <!&Abא<5DxPL d 2C V?ISU((&)`;MpcW4#<Skem_ 2O q@˅3
|9C`9s㌄]m AaLAa A"p\4Ѡj `"p/Љ`Ss甆 (r쇙^h"/q d$ԂrP6AwGRCGaqT04Bja&<&h0`4BЉV`!a3b83g1#$L#q˂ ߠA6X-ꍝMtqӜG8gM4E*a5AH4,!&CPA]0T
O4?6i=;4pwzNH:;0tqMUQYGx6Gr:=rhih~j!37u\&'KVt^ᙦtӆi7zti[UWtͻlۺ6omWii{xk ~aӥaEg果>U]ﰻVx~4kiz&MuOsw:NN673FL7Ga֭FصݵKw?U\}!:#`k6?a48}~au1 tzx^%}axXG_K'Fko#꿫ulp[
o_Go__uݼpoy
I}?-u[l%
ZUWڝa>ȑjgmr>{ia7_o! /AwWc/]mۯm&3@n_": d$,x%Jᮖi[I_oo^{ioCkM_gtث*?iLZvT4/a&ӵ]{i07mr8a$"ڴ6(L&j[~ńbM4ئ-cObO ]J%a?V۰(0a;Hi;Y>
i&UuشiƩ.I4CUXX)tӸCBH00q.&iz
fika5D8a0?&6!
36|4GѦATNj"""""""#>!
0B"!!A!GّT!"r19C^K½D'`
`D@*A=F i
x xeYrre
2O`X@ʲm<1d<'B&`@owª*w!o<0?zÇ]?">@wh+i_=>$\aOK<5&zs {ȟr[!fBgg9˂
nS뾩0L&_A-Ea0BBYYY~!!<ȳ aq`29YC~GTyB&h7 XA*!a & (@~!*dK+ XB lDτ<
0L fptA6ߠ >tymtqsZ94*=rT6pC(BQ4-?mҧ i/|;>zIó;Ԭ8gCL0?Ы?Ct--5m'AݎO<'iHµ_q]j>knp}`cW\2>@H֡aդ<>^_ֻu\/C\!~C\.p_W᾿+_P}/Aw__8/K_ގ_G/_`e@{ׯUV_Kl!_z!_?B}io],kuS;^!_[m/%oNjk~o߅v
zz`xN״[KI=[ZUmi_k턐aA4umitYTmq4MXk-wa+U[U?aEZm5&a&.m a8imi;TbMҵbUjqJwuwӆS3ASNi5m1TKMZm^aTOS2dC$h
7
"Ls!ܼDf9͇.͌9<:(9vX, p:\!iAi 0BAaa008v@BYJ'-A8!|N$s
3b a#rNmrtgCL!"j
B!`0A!`0,iA!CECy7
fnt
;7tTpz6m?Z8G`Z9=TqYhML(Tr
B>MQh0PBICAg߶}'
WotfqjomoNnxmtzLUVpCCG'u
/ކ|XO.Vwmpj?{3iյl4&ZNz T}G5%__x?TM=7>zs4ǫ
~z/5WWuHaZ?CkC.t#s`Fpt
.N1_Wm/Za^ `aep]/)=B<#Aq6z꾮/yp B]CKqi~'=??=ﭫ.n!#W!^J-]]ۧM iUkBG,_v^ᄮTj_t߯dXM;M4ۊDtki{a? }a-i676"EݶN"p8ia :M!p´ if{Mcnث_ӻV-4;V_w
/iحZVt/h6N-4bMiD6-M6CBiiiZL&WݪqVSݔjM;\8gn\4!!G0a&iM3Ewv:ֶڊj#M6i=kaH4.7Mb""""C8"!", `DDD09 }B!3]@A}tGa0Nfh-٧vOM?a"""A
0@A&Zgv4A!"3HD""pGKNc<
G!,`@˂x!L'aC 3xe<@9U
L()~L x[ xPU0{Aڬ>.at ;N6C 3a#<Z AUߊᬁỴ몮@˅>\
eAGC
;PkP:j d"L#@q^1ga˶Ne8S`tqʸhA4B L!aa L ]݂a0CFv\B7U(C_$Ai`A"L
!fC;!pArN C9"C
̿`qGPrhY-gA<=Z9>WZM:h5h'C !_<+0XA!aB4`AnNI۫<<'M
[ Iw֩z90uTr
`ÅG*m&_h-&=$ }yw{H< ޏ:8m9Ψѳj6aM4r}7CǍ4>t7?zM7Nazϥi6'N|: ]bXK|>OZiϋ'su֝u*H'4M6N)5b=tӊ&ؿ 6z״; ,4sk0&MCI60UJP鴂rsa4ӓҵm$N*[Ib|^lBzMmN];^fBwaڧi[LTTlUZPҶAoi&IݨtŦ&4M5L6l\~jaiBa4!Bh43Pi)ڊئcжV"):6IlDC|DFp<!a0 !aCLg A3".ra4&L<44Wh1U'VDG20B"G`!!!&p@|{<4^zi' .x`G xa!HA42A
eYU
4)YւTiTBa<8zzz<]cեwi_p9'kueu\Tq 2[hAץ_O#-tW?]W;KW
~_&k @Ó̈́pA Ð~fYN!.9;A0.A"XMA lBp#`!s1 3ChrvJ${(r g'99VC1x!:d4·ugh!h&i4&qBXB
00%4
4#F8dq";+y#'s0@< @Dq:pOOMQH㣍66ML!l Wp*-mABiń&d\A`Ah4TnGM ^7ͤA?iMCtzjghU
|ZsiyQϊ<`0??MxϾMf7>&?kV4A6H;i7\ Iru?m;N
m40ɣcu{[N} Oo?~ _Z[ٛ?U'l: ?u-mOJՍ5ci;u">gaxDDD3 \4O0D4t"4"#d?OK^: x d,f< m@.9@}0P&(&G
8 x+_Ba5L((*~;A8kPQk;Yv]D{M|@܊־㯮u_]W]url`@Y [9<2(-sdsMW]W
;a
`BA!
0Pϙ|CD4(sτ
>! ``AC q`Ah\2% dBY앂(#>^fdI갭8xA-:<дqթi[<+GM
!MkIX!
Bxp][zAuBowk{[G6iSm0ɫ8Og9B=H&Y3itNpKu/CժJ!Gw֮@#N{C=<ޯսaW
K~ޞ#-#:C`wk_GV3`*x/u_Ӫ7eyп1/8}8`GZ ֽoïvn*o+
qŷ^տ÷BBFg+Du!\7B:9/}/ڲo'z=r7wO"A
~ 6K}m%imzэz9{]Kpjqmp{e}
%[K{_iS}%߶M;i
6M5bdbM4Yǵ}=VuMXTO)o{W*aS=кpIq
0\:AV4j85A駭!&*8Ӄ Ǻv^I44aAi0Bii]b,&;`6aDC BB!0Er